Microcontroller based Line Follower Robot

Project Cost: 6,900

Project Code: 1262

Download the Synopsis of the project

Description of the project:

A line follower robot follows a track or path drawn by a black line. A feedback loop is the main part of controlling the robot. This project consists of a Robot that follows a black line drawn on a plain white surface. The Robot starts following the Line whenever the power supply on the Robot is turned on. That is why it is called a Line follower robot. This robot utilizes an array of Infrared transmitters and receivers. A simple Line follower Robot can be built without Microcontroller.

Talking about controlling or operating robots, we can say that roughly there are two types of robotic operations: manually operated robots and automatically operated robots. A line follower robot is an automatically operated type of robot. And in terms of the movement of robots, there are again two types, first one is stationary robots and the second one is movable robots. Microcontroller-based advanced line following robot is a movable robot. One of the main use of robots is to reduce human efforts.

This is an advanced Line follower robot using Microcontroller. This robot utilizes a feedback mechanism. By this, we mean that whenever the robot is turned on it immediately moves in a forward direction. Then it reads the input from IR sensors. If the robot is on track then it continues to move in a forward direction. However, if the feedback mechanism tells Microcontroller that the robot is not following the line then the Microcontroller turns the Robot in the Left or right direction depending upon the input from the Left and Right Infrared receivers. The track drawn by the black line decides the motion of the Line follower robot.

Video of the project: Microcontroller based Line Follower Robot

Block Diagram:

You will get the following documents with this project:

1. Project Report in pdf format and in word format ( .doc or .docx )
2. Circuit diagram
3. PCB layout
4. Microcontroller Program in assembly language
5. Hex file of the Microcontroller code
6. Datasheets of all the components / ICs used in the project
7. Power point presentation / PPT file

Project Photographs:

Description in detail:

Various important blocks of the system are:

1. Infrared transmitter: IR LEDs are used as a transmitter, it transmits out the IR rays.
2. Infrared sensor/receiver: It receives the IR rays reflected from the white surface or black line.
3. Analog to Digital converter: This is used to retrieve the digital value of the signal sent from the IR receiver.
4. Microcontroller: 89s51 Microcontroller performs the important function of reading sensor values and controlling the motor operation.
5. LCD Display: It displays various messages.
6. Motor driver: Microcontroller can not operate a 12-volt DC motor directly so we have used a Motor driver.
7. DC Motor: This is the main part responsible for the movement of the robot.
8. Robot chassis: It consists of a plain surface base (of metal or wood or plastic). It has two motors and two wheels. These two wheels are connected to the shaft of the motor using a screw. Also, it has a freewheeling castor wheel which is connected at the front center part of the base.

Applications of Line Follower Robot:

1. This project can be used in industrial applications. It can be used to take the visitor from the main gate to the desired place or unit in Industries. The robot can be kept at the gate and a Line can be drawn from the gate to the respective unit.
2. In industries, it can also be used to carry goods or any material from one place to another place automatically. This will remove human interactions.
3. Line-following robotic vehicles can carry hazardous materials like radioactive material and poisonous gas cylinders that humans can not carry easily.
4. This robot can be modified and can be fitted along with a wheelchair so that it can be used by disabled people or people who can not walk due to injuries or accidents.

Advantages of Line Follower Robot:

1. This project is easy to make and easy to use.

Future Development:

1. We can add sensors to the robot.
2. We can provide a voice feedback system to the Line follower robot.

Questions and answers about this project:

Question: What is the use of LCD display?

Answer : LCD display is used for testing purpose and mainly useful when designing project. However LCD display is optional. The Robot will still work if the LCD is removed.